• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for regulating the fuel gas supply of a fuel cell system. In a first control loop, the temperature in the fuel cell stack 7 is regulated via the manipulated variable of the air supply 1. In a second control circuit, a temperature in the afterburner is controlled by the manipulated variable of the fuel gas supply 2, which represents the fuel gas utilization. This makes it possible to optimally operate a fuel cell even with fluctuating gas qualities.
    公开号:AT514511A1
    申请号:T566/2013
    申请日:2013-07-08
    公开日:2015-01-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method for controlling a fuel cell
    The invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel cell, preferably an SOFC fuel cell.
    The patent application EP 1 205 993 A1 discloses a method for operating a fuel cell system. The gaseous streams of two starting materials, an oxidizing component, e.g. Ambient air, and a reducing component are controlled in a proportionally proportionate ratio fed into the fuel cell stack and fed separated by the cells. After reacting with the cells, the educts are combined and further treated by means of afterburning and with the production of a stream of offgas, so that the reducing components are completely oxidized in the conditionally assigned quantitative ratio. The first reactant stream is variable by the control to a limited extent, so that it can be used to control the reaction temperature, while the second reactant stream is kept constant by means of a second control.
    The disadvantage, however, is that the control according to the prior art does not adapt to different types of gas.
    The object of the invention is to provide a control concept, which provides the SOFC fuel cell system regardless of the available gas quality, the ver¬schiedenen process gases in the right amount. The goal of controlling the use of fuel gas is to keep the fuel gas utilization in the fuel cell stack in a specific operating window. Insufficient fuel gas utilization makes the SOFC system inefficient and can lead to overheating of the afterburner. Excessive use of fuel gas can damage the fuel stacks.
    This is achieved by using the temperature of the afterburning to control the fuel gas utilization. In the post-combustion, the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas are mixed together and post-combusted. Depending on the fuel gas utilization (ratio of fuel mass converted in the fuel cell stack to the fuel mass stack supplied to the fuel cell stack) in the fuel cell stack, a particular combustion lambda is established in the afterburner, which in turn is at a certain temperature incineration, which is a certain amount above the stack temperature. The setpoint temperature of the post-combustion can again be a constant temperature value or, e.g. be dependent on the electric current function. In the control loop, therefore, a temperature of afterburning acts as a control variable as a substitute for the utilization of fuel gas. As an actuator are Propor¬tionalventile in the anode gas path, independently or independently of each other, the Reformer¬eduktströme raise or lower. One of these valves is in the control circuit. Alternatively, the fuel gas volume flow can be changed by the blower speed when the valve is completely open. This leads to the best possible efficiency, since the Systemdruck¬ losses are minimized by the control loop with afterburner temperature and fan speed so. Both variants are possible, i. At low volume flows Verwen-dug the valve and from the complete opening of the valve, the increase in Gebläse¬drehzahl.
    The invention will now be explained in detail with reference to FIGS.
    They show:
    Figure 1: The scheme of a fuel cell system for carrying out the erfindungs¬ proper method.
    Figure 2: The representation of the course of the setpoint temperature of the afterburner, the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the fuel gas utilization over the stream.
    Figure 1 illustrates the scheme of a fuel cell system, which is suitable for carrying out the inventive method.
    For the sake of clarity, components of a fuel cell system that are not relevant to the description of the invention have not been illustrated. These are in particular components of heat removal and power generation as well as, for example, a reformer.
    The core of the fuel cell system is the fuel cell stack 7, to which an oxidizing component, for example ambient air, is supplied via a feed line for the first educt 1. Via a blower 3 and / or a valve 4, the mass flow of the first reactant is einge¬. The representation of the blower and the valve is representative of any other possibility to change the mass flow of the educt. In particular, this can also be achieved elsewhere, for example with an exhaust fan 9 designed as a suction fan. The first starting material can optionally be conducted via an exhaust gas heat exchanger not shown here. In addition, in one embodiment, the valve 4 can be designed using a waste gas heat exchanger as a 3-way valve, wherein the mass flow can also be increased by non-preheated (cold) air is mixed ge. As a result, even better regulation of the temperature of the fuel cell stack is possible. A reducing component, for example a fuel gas treated with a reformer, which may have been treated by a reformer not shown here, is supplied to the fuel cell stack 7 via a feed line for the second educt 2. Here too, the mass flow of the second educt is adjusted via a fan 5 and / or a valve 6 and / or an exhaust fan 9. Again, the fan 5 and the valve 5 is representative of any other possibility to change the mass flow of the second educt. Within the fuel cell stack, the chemically bound energy of the fuel is converted into electrical energy, which also generates heat. Subsequently, the converted gases are fed to an afterburner 8 and post-combusted there. An exhaust pipe, which optionally includes an exhaust fan 9, the exhaust gas is derived.
    A control device 12 detects the temperature of the fuel cell stack via a temperature sensor 10 and, via a first regulator 13, controls the mass flow and optionally the temperature in the case of admixing cold air of the first starting material by controlling the blower 3 and / or the valve 4 and / or the exhaust blower 9 becomes. Thus, the first regulator is used to control the temperature of the fuel cell stack 7.
    The control device 12 also detects the temperature of the afterburner 8 via a further temperature sensor 11 and influences the mass flow of the second reactant via the second eductor via the fan 5 and / or the valve 6 and / or the exhaust gas blower 9 via a second regulator 14. The setpoint temperature of the afterburner 8 is a constant temperature value or a function dependent on the electric current. It is considered that the gases enter the afterburner with the temperature of the fuel cell stack 7. The invention takes advantage of the fact that with inefficient utilization of the fuel gas in the fuel cell stack 7, a higher temperature in the afterburner is established.
    Therefore, the temperature in the afterburner 8 represents the fuel gas utilization as Regel¬größe. Unfavorable, however, can also be excessive utilization because it can damage the fuel cell stack 7, but this leads to a lower temperature in the afterburner 8.
    FIG. 2 shows the profile of the setpoint temperature of the afterburner, the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the fuel gas utilization over the flow. The setpoint value of the afterburner is initially kept constant for a small part load. This is necessary in order to ensure a minimum temperature of the afterburner, since otherwise the Nachverbrennung is not possible. Above a certain partial load then rises the Soll¬ temperature with the current, which is shown here in relation to the rated current, steadily on, preferably in linear. In an alternative of the method, the setpoint of the temperature is not set absolutely, but relative to the temperature of the fuel cell stack. This can be a constant temperature difference or a temperature-dependent temperature difference.
    The information relates to the ratio of the amount of fuel gas reacted within the fuel cell stack 7 to the quantity of fuel gas available at the input of the fuel cell stack 7. A difference of 100% means that the least amount of fuel gas in the afterburner 8 is burned more. This profile is derived directly from the course of the setpoint temperature in the afterburner, since a high temperature in the afterburner 8 results in a high fuel gas requirement and thus automatically results in a lower fuel gas conversion in the fuel cell stack 7.
    REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 supply line for first educt 2 supply line for second educt 3 blower for first educt 4 valve for first educt 5 blower for second educt 6 valve for second educt 7 fuel cell stack 8 afterburner 9 exhaust blower 10 temperature sensor fuel cell stack 11 temperature sensor afterburner 12 control device 13 first controller 14 second regulator
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    A method for controlling the fuel gas supply of a fuel cell system, in particular an SOFC fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell stack (7) for generating electricity and an afterburner (8) for afterburning, the fuel cell stack (7) having a first educt (1) in the form an oxidizing component and a second educt (2) in the form of a reducing component is fed, wherein the educts after passage through the fuel cell stack (7) are supplied to the Nachbren¬ner (8), and wherein with a first controller (13) of the mass flow of the first Educt (1) for regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack (7) is characterized, characterized in that in addition and in parallel with a second regulator (14), the mass flow of the second reactant (2) for regulating the temperature of the post combustion is varied.
    [2]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein with the first controller (13) the mass flow and the temperature of the first reactant (1) for controlling the temperature of the Brennstoffzel¬lenstacks (7) is varied.
    [3]
    A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the afterburning is represented by the temperature of the afterburner (8).
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the target temperature of the afterburning is a constant temperature value.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the target temperature of the afterburning is described by a function dependent on the current.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the target temperature of the afterburning is represented as a difference to the temperature of the fuel cell stack (7).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the variation of the mass flow of one of the educts by changing a position of valves (4, 6).
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the variation of the mass flow of the educts by the change in the speed of blowers (3, 5).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT514511B1|2016-06-15|
    EP2824743A1|2015-01-14|
    EP2824743B1|2017-11-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP1401042A1|2002-06-24|2004-03-24|Delphi Technologies, Inc.|Solid-oxide fuel cell system having means for controlling tail gas combustion temperature|
    US20060127717A1|2004-12-14|2006-06-15|General Electric Company|High temperature protection of fuel cell system combustor and other components via water or water or water vapor injection|
    WO2014082768A1|2012-11-30|2014-06-05|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for operating a fuel cell system|
    EP1205993B1|2000-11-07|2012-12-05|Hexis AG|Method for operating a fuel cell battery with a control arrangement|
    JP2004179149A|2002-11-13|2004-06-24|Nissan Motor Co Ltd|Fuel cell system|
    JP5154030B2|2006-05-18|2013-02-27|本田技研工業株式会社|Fuel cell system and operation method thereof|
    EP2661782B1|2011-01-06|2018-10-03|Bloom Energy Corporation|Sofc hot box components|DE102017109903A1|2017-05-09|2018-11-15|Vaillant Gmbh|Method for detecting increased CO emissions in a fuel cell heating system|
    AT521948B1|2018-11-21|2020-07-15|Avl List Gmbh|Fuel cell system and method for tempering a fuel cell system|
    法律状态:
    2019-03-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20180708 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA566/2013A|AT514511B1|2013-07-08|2013-07-08|Method for controlling a fuel cell|ATA566/2013A| AT514511B1|2013-07-08|2013-07-08|Method for controlling a fuel cell|
    EP14175569.4A| EP2824743B1|2013-07-08|2014-07-03|Method for controlling a fuel cell|
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